Caring for a cane toad (scientifically known as Rhinella marina) involves replicating its natural environment and understanding its needs. Here’s a guide to proper care:
 
Housing
    •    Enclosure: A 20–30-gallon tank is sufficient for one adult cane toad. Ensure the enclosure has a secure lid to prevent escape.
    •    Substrate: Use coconut fiber, soil, or moss that is free of fertilizers and pesticides. It should be moist but not waterlogged, as cane toads require high humidity.
    •    Hiding Spots: Provide logs, rocks, or artificial caves for hiding and security.
    •    Temperature and Humidity:
    •    Temperature: Keep the tank between 24–28°C (75–82°F). Use a heat mat or lamp if necessary, but avoid overheating.
    •    Humidity: Maintain 60–80% humidity by misting the enclosure regularly. A hygrometer is helpful to monitor this.
 
Water
    •    Cane toads need access to clean, dechlorinated water for soaking. Use a shallow dish large enough for the toad to sit in but easy for it to climb out of. Change the water daily to prevent contamination.
 
Diet
    •    Food: Cane toads are voracious eaters and thrive on a diet of live insects like crickets, mealworms, roaches, and earthworms. Occasionally, you can offer small pinky mice or fish.
    •    Frequency: Feed juveniles daily and adults every 2–3 days.
    •    Supplements: Dust their food with a calcium and vitamin D3 supplement once or twice a week to prevent deficiencies.
 
Lighting
    •    Cane toads do not require UVB lighting but benefit from a natural day-night cycle. Provide 10–12 hours of light daily.
 
Behavior and Handling
    •    Cane toads are nocturnal and prefer low activity during the day.
    •    Handling: Avoid frequent handling, as they secrete a toxin from their parotid glands when stressed. Always wash your hands thoroughly after contact.
 
Health Monitoring
    •    Watch for signs of stress or illness, such as lethargy, lack of appetite, or skin issues.
    •    Maintain cleanliness to prevent bacterial or fungal infections.
 
Legal Considerations
    •    Cane toads are considered invasive in many countries. Check local laws and regulations regarding ownership before acquiring one.
 
By meeting these care requirements, your cane toad can live a healthy life, often spanning 10–15 years in captivity.